Crop Water Requirement for Cotton Crop in Unchadi Section Command Area of Shetrunji Right Bank Main Canal using WEAP Model

Abstract

Crop coefficients and reference crop evapotranspiration must be determined in order to estimate irrigation water requirements for any crop and improve irrigation scheduling and water management. The objective of this study is to evaluate the crop water requirements of cotton using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Method with dual crop coefficients. Meteorological data for the Unchadi Section Command Area of Shetrunji Right Bank Main Canal, such as maximum and minimum temperatures, mean relative humidity, sunlight hours, and wind speed, are used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration. The MABIA method in WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) software uses the dual-Kc approach to calculate crop evapotranspiration or crop water requirement, which is described in FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, whereby the Kc value is divided into a ‘basal’ crop coefficient (Kcb) and a separate component (Ke) representing evaporation from the soil surface. The basal crop coefficient represents actual ET conditions when the soil surface is dry but sufficient root zone moisture is present to support full transpiration. Cotton crop water requirement (ETc) using is found about 940.93 mm during the growing season in region. This result can be useful for agricultural planning and efficient irrigation management for cotton cultivation in Unchadi Section Command Area of Shetrunji Right Bank Main Canal.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

One of the most important resources available for agriculture is water. Due to a variety of factors, it has become more limited in India, raising concerns about the country's ever-growing population and food security. India has a wide variety of landforms, including the Himalayan high-altitude forest, the Indo-Gangetic plains' expansive grasslands, the peninsular plateaus of South-East and South-West India, as well as many more geological formations. Indian agriculture is diversified and complicated with both irrigated and dry land areas, able to produce the majority of the food and agricultural products of the world due to the existence of a wide range of geological and climatic circumstances. In order to effectively manage natural resources for planning purposes, prevent environmental degradation, and boost agricultural output for the country's constantly growing population's food and nutritional security. The water requirement for the crops depends on the type of crop. The amount of water needed to compensate for the evaporation loss of the cultivated field is defined as the crop’s water demand. On the other hand, the irrigation water requirement of crop production is the amount of water, in addition to precipitation, that must be used to meet the evapotranspiration requirement of the plant without a significant reduction in yield. The water requirement largely depends on the nature and growth phase of the crop and the environmental conditions. Different crops have different water use requirements under the same weather conditions. Hence the crop coefficients appropriate to the specific crops are used along with the values of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for calculating the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) also known as consumptive use at different growth stages of the crop by water-balance approach. Crops will transpire water the most quickly when soil water is at field capacity.

Conclusion

1) Crop water requirement (ETc) for cotton crop growing in Unchadi Section command area of Shetrunji Right Bank Main Canal determined as 940.93 mm for dual crop coefficient approach during the growing season. 2) Crop actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration is found as 940.93 mm and 1062.03 mm respectively. 3) For real-time irrigation scheduling, calculations of the soil water balance, and research investigations where the effects of daily fluctuations in soil surface wetness and the ensuing consequences on daily ETc and the soil water profile are significant, the dual crop coefficient technique is best. 4) This result can be useful for agricultural planning and efficient irrigation management for cotton cultivation in Unchadi Section Command Area of Shetrunji Right Bank Main Canal.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Hiren J. Chavda, Kashyap B. Gohil. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.